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101.
Leaching and sorption of neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides from seed coatings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kelly L. Smalling Michelle L. Hladik Corey J. Sanders Kathryn M. Kuivila 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(3):176-183
Seed coatings are a treatment used on a variety of crops to improve production and offer protection against pests and fungal outbreaks. The leaching of the active ingredients associated with the seed coatings and the sorption to soil was evaluated under laboratory conditions using commercially available corn and soybean seeds to study the fate and transport of these pesticides under controlled conditions. The active ingredients (AI) included one neonicotinoid insecticide (thiamethoxam) and five fungicides (azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, metalaxyl, sedaxane thiabendazole). An aqueous leaching experiment was conducted with treated corn and soybean seeds. Leaching potential was a function of solubility and seed type. The leaching of fludioxonil, was dependent on seed type with a shorter time to equilibrium on the corn compared to the soybean seeds. Sorption experiments with the treated seeds and a solution of the AIs were conducted using three different soil types. Sorption behavior was a function of soil organic matter as well as seed type. For most AIs, a negative relationship was observed between the aqueous concentration and the log Koc. Sorption to all soils tested was limited for the hydrophilic pesticides thiamethoxam and metalaxyl. However, partitioning for the more hydrophobic fungicides was dependent on both seed type and soil properties. The mobility of fludioxonil in the sorption experiment varied by seed type indicating that the adjuvants associated with the seed coating could potentially play a role in the environmental fate of fludioxonil. This is the first study to assess, under laboratory conditions, the fate of pesticides associated with seed coatings using commercially available treated seeds. This information can be used to understand how alterations in agricultural practices (e.g., increasing use of seed treatments) can impact the exposure (concentration and duration) and potential effects of these chemicals to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. 相似文献
102.
Comparison of fine-scale acoustic monitoring systems using home range size of a demersal fish 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kelly S. Andrews Nick Tolimieri Greg D. Williams Jameal F. Samhouri Chris J. Harvey Phillip S. Levin 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2377-2387
We compared the results from fixed acoustic transmitters and transmitters implanted in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus provided by two fine-scale passive acoustic monitoring systems: the older Vemco? Radio Acoustic Positioning (VRAP) system and the newer VR2W Positioning System (VPS) with either three or four receivers.
The four-receiver VPS method calculated five times more positions of lingcod than VRAP and more than twice as many as the
three-receiver VPS. Calculated positions of fixed transmitters were less precise with VRAP than either VPS approach. Measurements
of home range for lingcod were similar between the four-receiver VPS and VRAP, which were both greater than the three-receiver
VPS. Comparisons varied when lingcod were in/near complex habitats. As new technology develops, it is important to understand
how new methods compare to previous methods. This may be important when describing patterns of movement or habitat use in
the context of changes in habitat or management efforts. 相似文献
103.
Anne H. Beaudreau Kelly S. Andrews Donald A. Larsen Graham Young Brian R. Beckman 《Marine Biology》2011,158(2):439-450
The physiological response of a fish to its environment is mediated through the endocrine axis controlling growth. Therefore,
growth-regulating hormone levels can serve as ecologically relevant indicators of fish growth rate. We quantified variation
in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to evaluate its potential as an indicator of growth in lingcod, an economically
and ecologically important bottomfish species in the northeast Pacific. An information-theoretic model selection approach
was used to test the hypothesis that variation in lingcod IGF-I is related to season, body size, and gonadal steroid concentration.
Season and a length × season interaction were the most important predictors of plasma IGF-I among the variables we evaluated,
suggesting that season and body size should be explicitly accounted for when interpreting endocrine patterns in wild fish
populations. This is among the few studies that have measured and interpreted patterns of IGF-I in wild fish and the first
to describe seasonal endocrine profiles in lingcod. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
Abigail Bennett Xavier Basurto John Virdin Xinyan Lin Samantha J. Betances Martin D. Smith Edward H. Allison Barbara A. Best Kelly D. Brownell Lisa M. Campbell Christopher D. Golden Elizabeth Havice Christina C. Hicks Peter J. Jacques Kristin Kleisner Niels Lindquist Rafaella Lobo Grant D. Murray Michelle Nowlin Pawan G. Patil Douglas N. Rader Stephen E. Roady Shakuntala H. Thilsted Sarah Zoubek 《Ambio》2021,50(5):981
The international development community is off-track from meeting targets for alleviating global malnutrition. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines that fish plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, this ‘fish as food’ perspective has yet to translate into policy and development funding priorities. We argue that the traditional framing of fish as a natural resource emphasizes economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives, whereas situating fish within a food systems perspective can lead to innovative policies and investments that promote nutrition-sensitive and socially equitable capture fisheries and aquaculture. This paper highlights four pillars of research needs and policy directions toward this end. Ultimately, recognizing and working to enhance the role of fish in alleviating hunger and malnutrition can provide an additional long-term development incentive, beyond revenue generation and biodiversity conservation, for governments, international development organizations, and society more broadly to invest in the sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01451-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
107.
Emma R. Wilson Kelly L. Smalling Timothy J. Reilly Elmer Gray Laura Bond Lance Steele Prasanna Kandel Alison Chamberlin Justin Gause Nicole Reynolds Ian Robertson Stephen Novak Kevin Feris Merlin M. White 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):420-433
Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known about their effects on nontarget fungi. This pilot study, a field survey in southwestern Idaho from April to December 2010 on four streams with varying pesticide inputs (two agricultural and two reference sites), was conducted to assess nontarget impact of fungicides on gut fungi, or trichomycetes. Tissues of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), hosts of gut fungi, were analyzed for pesticide accumulation. Fungicides were detected in hosts from streams within agricultural watersheds but were not detected in hosts from reference streams. Gut fungi from agricultural sites exhibited decreased percent infestation, density and sporulation within the gut, and black fly tissues had elevated pesticide concentrations. Differences observed between the sites demonstrate a potential effect on this symbiotic system. Future research is needed to parse out the details of the complex biotic and abiotic relationships; however, these preliminary results indicate that impacts to nontarget organisms could have far‐reaching consequences within aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
108.
Matthias Schmid Torsten Hothorn Kelly O. Maloney Donald E. Weller Sergej Potapov 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2011,18(4):709-733
Indices of biotic integrity have become an established tool to quantify the condition of small non-tidal streams and their
watersheds. To investigate the effects of watershed characteristics on stream biological condition, we present a new technique
for regressing IBIs on watershed-specific explanatory variables. Since IBIs are typically evaluated on an ordinal scale, our
method is based on the proportional odds model for ordinal outcomes. To avoid overfitting, we do not use classical maximum
likelihood estimation but a component-wise functional gradient boosting approach. Because component-wise gradient boosting
has an intrinsic mechanism for variable selection and model choice, determinants of biotic integrity can be identified. In
addition, the method offers a relatively simple way to account for spatial correlation in ecological data. An analysis of
the Maryland Biological Streams Survey shows that nonlinear effects of predictor variables on stream condition can be quantified
while, in addition, accurate predictions of biological condition at unsurveyed locations are obtained. 相似文献
109.
110.
Natalie A. Jones Pascal Perez Thomas G. Measham Gail J. Kelly Patrick d’Aquino Katherine A. Daniell Anne Dray Nils Ferrand 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1180-1195
Participatory modeling is increasingly recognized as an effective way to assist collective decision-making processes in the
domain of natural resource management. This article introduces a framework for evaluating projects that have adopted a participatory
modeling approach. This evaluation framework—known as the “Protocol of Canberra”—was developed through a collaboration between
French and Australian researchers engaged in participatory modeling and evaluation research. The framework seeks to assess
the extent to which different participatory modeling initiatives not only modify perceptions among and interactions between
participants, but also contribute to collective decision-making. The article discusses the development of the framework and
it’s application to three case-studies, two from Australia and one from the Pacific Island of the Republic of Kiribati. The
article concludes with some comments for future use of the framework in a range of participatory modeling contexts. 相似文献